Ukumiswa kweBolt yekhwalithi ephezulu

(1) Ukumiswa kwebholidi:bopha endaweni ebuthakathaka, exegayo, eguquguqukayo yetshe kanye nenhlabathi, ibambelele ekujuleni njengedwala elizinzile kanye nomzimba wenhlabathi, inikeze ukushuba okwanele, inqobe isisindo setshe elishelelayo nomzimba wenhlabathi namandla ashelelayo, ivimbele ukushelela kodonga lomhume, ukubhidlika.

(2) Umphumela wokuqinisa i-Extrusion:ngemuva kokuthi i-bolt igcizelelwe, indawo yokucindezela iyakhiwa ebangeni elithile elizungezile.Amabhawodi ahlelwa ngendlela efanele ukuze izindawo zokuminyanisa ezakhiwe ngamabholithi asondelene zidlulelane ukuze zakhe izindawo zokucindezela.I-strata evulekile endaweni yokucindezela iqiniswa ngebhawudi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuqotho namandla okuthwala.

(3) Umphumela we-beam (i-arch) oyinhlanganisela:ngemva kokuba ibhawodi lifakwe ku-stratum ekujuleni okuthile, i-strata ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla okunamathisela ayampintshana, ukumelana nokungqubuzana kwe-interlayer kuyanda, futhi ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi nokuchezuka kuncipha kakhulu, okulingana nokuguqula i-beam elula eyinhlanganisela. (i-arch) ibe ugongolo oluyinhlanganisela (i-arch).Ukuqina okuguquguqukayo namandla emishayo ehlanganisiwe (ama-arches) athuthukiswa kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa umthamo wokuthwala we-stratum.Lapho amandla okubambelela anikezwa ibholidi emakhulu, umphumela uba sobala kakhulu.

(4) ubude bebhawodi:ubude obuphelele obudingekayo lapho i-bolt ingakwazi ukudlala indima yayo ngokuphumelelayo ngokuhambisana nomklamo.Uma kubalwa ngokwesenzo sokumiswa, iyisamba sobude be-anchorage, ubude bokuqiniswa nobude obuveziwe.Uma kubalwa ngokomsebenzi wohlaka (i-arch) ohlanganisiwe, izikhathi ezingu-1.2 zesamba sobude obuhlanganisiwe (i-arch) nobude obuveziwe.Ngokwevelu yangempela, ubude obengeziwe obunyukile ngenxa yekhontayutha yokumba engalingani kufanele kucatshangelwe.

(5) Ubude be-anchorage:ubude bebhawodi lehange ku-stratum ezinzile bungakhethwa ngokuya ngolwazi noma ukubala.Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho kokukhetha, cabangela imodi yokubambelela kanye nobubanzi bebhawodi.Uma ukhetha ngokuya ngokubala, isibopho phakathi kodaka nebhawodi kanye nesibopho phakathi kodaka nodonga lwembobo kufanele kubhekwe.

(6) Ubude bokuqinisa:ngokuya ngobude betshe elizungezile elilengiswa ngasendleleni yebhawodi, noma ukuphakama komthwalo wedwala elizungezile, kungase futhi kusetshenziselwe ukunquma ukushuba kwesiyingi esixegayo esikalwa ngegagasi le-acoustic kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola.

(7) Ukuhlolwa kokudonsa kwebholidi:enye yezindlela zokuhlola ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwebhawodi kanye nokunquma amandla okudonsa umshudo.Ngaphambi kokuthi ibhawudi limbozwe nge-shotcrete, igeji yokuqina kwebhawodi noma isikrufu se-torsional torque sisetshenziswa ukukukala ngokuqondile.Ngemva kokubopha ibhawudi, cindezela kancane futhi ngokulinganayo kuze kube yilapho ukufundwa kwegeji yokucindezela kufinyelela inani elihambisana nenani lomklamo, noma wenze ibhawudi lixege, ngokuvamile ungakwenzi ukuhlola okulimazayo.Ngemva kokuba ibhawodi limbozwe nge-shotcrete, lifakazelwa ngomtshina webhawodi bese likalwa ngokuhlela.Inombolo yamabhawodi okuhlola kufanele ithathwe njengesampula ngamamitha angama-30-50 wobude bomhubhe noma amabhawodi angama-300 eqenjini, futhi iqembu ngalinye akufanele libe ngaphansi kwamabhawodi angu-3, ​​okufanele akhethwe ngokulinganayo kumugqa wamabhawodi esigabeni esifanayo indawo yokuhlola.

I-anchor rod yisakhiwo sesistimu yezinduku zamatshe kanye nokuqiniswa kwenhlabathi.

Ngesenzo sokuqina se-longitudinal sebhawodi, ukushiyeka kokuthi amandla okuqina amatshe nomhlabathi aphansi kakhulu kunomthamo wokucindezela okunganqotshwa.

Ngaphezulu, ikhawulela ukuhlukaniswa kwedwala nenhlabathi enkulu kusukela ekuqaleni.

Ngokwe-macroscopically, kwandisa ukuhlangana kwedwala nomhlabathi.

Ngokombono wemishini, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukisa ukubumbana C kanye ne-Angle yokungqubuzana kwangaphakathi φ ye-rock mass ezungezile.

Empeleni, ibhawodi litholakala emzimbeni wedwala nomhlabathi futhi lakha inkimbinkimbi entsha.Ibhawodi kule nkimbinkimbi ixazulula ukushoda kwamandla aphansi we-rock mass ezungezile.Ngakho, amandla okuthwala ama-rock mass ngokwawo aqiniswa kakhulu.

I-Bolt iyingxenye eyisisekelo kakhulu yokusekelwa komgwaqo ezimayini zesimanje ezingaphansi komhlaba, ezihlanganisa idwala elizungezile lomgwaqo futhi zenze idwala elizungezile ngokwalo.

Ukusekela ngokwayo manje i-bolt ayisetshenziswanga kuphela ezimayini, kodwa futhi isetshenziselwa ubuchwepheshe bonjiniyela, ukuqinisa okusebenzayo kwemithambeka, imigudu, i-DAMS nokunye.